Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) Practice

What characteristic change differentiates delirium from dementia?

1. Slow progressive decline in cognitive function

2. Memory loss that worsens over time

3. Rapid-onset confusion

4. Consistent patterns of behavior

The correct answer is: Rapid-onset confusion

The distinguishing feature of delirium compared to dementia is characterized by rapid-onset confusion. Delirium is often sudden in its appearance and can fluctuate in severity, leading to acute confusion, altered consciousness, and disturbances in attention and cognition. This can manifest quickly, sometimes within hours or days, often triggered by an underlying medical condition, medication effects, or withdrawal. In contrast, dementia typically involves a slow and progressive decline in cognitive abilities. The decline in dementia is gradual, leading to persistent memory loss and changes in behavior over an extended period. The cognitive impairment in dementia is stable over time rather than fluctuating, which is a key characteristic of delirium. Understanding this differentiation is crucial in clinical settings, as it informs the approach to patient care and the urgency of treatment needed for delirium, while focusing on long-term management strategies for dementia.